142 lines
12 KiB
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142 lines
12 KiB
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<div>
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<p style="text-indent:28.5pt; line-height:150%; font-size:14pt">
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<span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">1.自然区域草地产草量</span>
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</p>
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<p style="text-indent:28.5pt; line-height:150%; font-size:14pt">
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<span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">经统计，2016年三江源区自然区域草地总产草量为</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">3082.40</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">kg/hm</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">，其中可食草产量为</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">2413.33</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">kg/hm</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">。在各类草地中，高寒草甸类草地产草量最高，为</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">4072.55</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">kg/hm</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">，其次是高寒草甸草原类草地，为</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">2503.40</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">kg/hm</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">，温性草原类草地产草量居第三，为</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">1926.04k</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">g/hm</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">，高寒草原类与温性荒漠草原类</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">草地</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">分别居第四、五位，其产草量分别为1688.89k</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">g/hm</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">、1427.11</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">kg/hm</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">。</span>
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</p>
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<p style="text-indent:28.5pt; line-height:150%; font-size:14pt">
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<span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">各类草地可食牧草总产量以</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">高寒草甸类</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">草地最高，达到</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">3305.65k</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">g/hm</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">，其次是高寒草甸草原类草地</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">可食草产量为</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">1790.10k</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">g/hm</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">，温性荒漠草原类草地，居第三，为1350.93k</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">g/hm</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">，</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">温性草原类草地可食草产量</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">，为1325.71k</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">g/hm</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">，最低的是高寒草原类草地，为1350.93k</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">g/hm</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">，</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">各草地型产草量详见下图。</span>
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</p>
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<p style="text-align:center; line-height:150%; font-size:14pt">
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<img src="/images/ei/grassland_ser.001.png" width="484" height="343" alt=""/>
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</p>
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<p style="text-align:center; line-height:150%; font-size:10.5pt">
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<span style="font-family:宋体">三江源区自然区域各类草地产草量（kg/hm</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:7pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span style="font-family:宋体">）</span>
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</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<h3>
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2<span style="font-family:宋体">草地植被覆盖度年度动态变化</span>
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</h3>
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<p style="text-indent:28pt; line-height:150%; font-size:14pt">
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<span style="font-family:等线; font-size:14pt">2005-2016</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">年三江源区草地植被平均覆盖度总体趋于平稳，其中温性草原上升趋势最明显，高寒草原类和温性荒漠草原草原类呈下降趋势，高寒草甸呈平稳趋势。</span>
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</p>
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<p style="text-indent:28pt; line-height:150%; font-size:14pt">
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<span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">以2005年自然区域草地植被覆盖度为监测起始年，温性草原类草地植被覆盖度</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">2006-2015年均高于2005年；温性荒漠草原类草地植被覆盖度高于2005年仅2008年，2009、2012年持平其他年份均低于2005年；高寒草甸草原类草地植被覆盖度高于2005年为2008、2012、2015年，其余年份均低于2005年；高寒草原类草地植被覆盖度高于2005为2007、2008、2009、2010年，其余年份均低于2005年；高寒草甸类草地植被覆盖度高于2005年为2006、2009年，其余年份均低于2005年。</span>
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</p>
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<p style="text-indent:28pt; line-height:150%; font-size:14pt">
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<span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">三江源区自然区域草地植被覆盖度，2016年与</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">2015年比较如下：</span>
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</p>
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<p style="line-height:150%; font-size:14pt">
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<span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">温性草原类草地比</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">2015年减少16个百分点</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">；温性荒漠草原类草地同比减少</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">26个百分点；</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">高寒草甸草原类、高寒草原类、高寒草甸类草地分别同比增长</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">18、6、3个百分点</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">。</span>
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</p>
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<p style="text-indent:28.5pt; line-height:150%; font-size:14pt">
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<img src="/images/ei/grassland_ser.002.png" width="470" height="381" alt=""/>
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</p>
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<p style="text-indent:28.5pt; line-height:150%; font-size:12pt">
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<strong><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:12pt; ">三江源区自然区域草地植被覆盖度（%）年际变化</span></strong>
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</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<h3>
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<a name="_Toc452047595"></a><a name="_Toc452047902">3<span style="font-family:宋体">草地地下生物量年度动态变化</span></a>
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</h3>
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<p>
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<span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt"> 自然区域各类草地历年地下生物量均值在1105</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">kg/hm</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">（高寒草原类）</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">-3200</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">kg/hm</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">（高寒草甸类）之间，其中温性草原类草地地下生物量历年均值为</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">1891</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">kg/hm</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:9.33pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">,2010年达到峰值，2011年为各年度的低值；温性荒漠草原类2009年为峰值，2007年为低值；高寒草原类2005年为峰值，2013年为低值；高寒草甸类2012年为峰值，2007年为低值，各类草地地下生物量年度动态变化见下图。</span>
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</p>
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<p style="line-height:150%; font-size:10.5pt">
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<span style="font-family:宋体"> </span>
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</p>
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<p style="text-align:center; line-height:150%; font-size:14pt">
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<img src="/images/ei/grassland_ser.003.png" width="562" height="350" alt=""/>
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</p>
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<p style="text-align:center; line-height:150%; font-size:12pt">
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<strong><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:12pt; ">三江源区自然区域草地地下生物量（</span></strong><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:10.5pt">kg/hm</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:7pt; "><sup>2</sup></span><strong><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:12pt; ">）年际变化</span></strong>
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</p>
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<h3>
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<a name="_Toc452047596"></a><a name="_Toc452047903">4<span style="font-family:宋体">草地土壤水分含量年度动态变化</span></a>
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</h3>
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<p>
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<span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt"> 三江源区自然区域草地土壤水分含量测定共有4个草地类，6个</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">草地型，均在</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">草地生态监测综合点和定位点进行。经统计，</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">历年平均值在</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">12.1%-35.9%之间。温性草原类草地仅有1个草地型，即西北针茅、细叶薹草草地型，其草地历年土壤含水量均值为19.3%，2010年土壤含水量达到峰值（26.2%），2016年为最低值（9.7%）；温性荒漠草原类草地也只有短花针茅、青海固沙草草地型，历年草地土壤含水量均值为12.9%，2009年达到峰值（20.2%），2011年为最低值（7.3%）；高寒草原类草地历年土壤含水量均值12.1%，峰值为23.2%（2009年），最低值5.2%（2010年）；高寒草甸类草地历年土壤含水量均值为29.6%，峰值为43.2%（2014年），最低值11.6%（2016年）</span><span
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style="font-family:宋体; font-size:14pt">。自然区域各类草地土壤水分含量年际变化曲线均呈波状态势，2007年至2015年的9年之间呈现两个波峰，第一次波峰出现在2009年，2014年为第二次波峰。</span>
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</p>
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<p style="text-align:center">
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<img src="/images/ei/grassland_ser.004.png" width="534" height="348" alt=""/>
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</p>
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<p style="text-align:center">
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<strong><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:12pt; ">三江源区自然区域草地土壤含水量年际变化</span></strong>
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</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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</div>
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